代写MIPS Processor作业、代做C/C++语言作业、代写NYUClasses作业、C/C++程序设计作业代做

Lab 1: Pipeline MIPS Processor

Released: Oct 9th 2018

Due: Nov 5th 2018 Midnight [Instructions on how to upload your code to NYUClasses

will be provided in a separate document]

This lab is to be performed individually. We will carefully monitor all submissions

for plagiarism and any instance of plagiarism will be reported to administration.

In this Lab assignment, you will implement an cycle-accurate simulator for a 5-stage pipelined

MIPS processor in C++. The simulator supports a subset of the MIPS instruction set and should

model the execution of each instruction with cycle accuracy.

The MIPS program is provided to the simulator as a text file “imem.txt” file which is used to

initialize the Instruction Memory. Each line of the file corresponds to a Byte stored in the

Instruction Memory in binary format, with the first line at address 0, the next line at address 1

and so on. Four contiguous lines correspond to a whole instruction. Note that the words stored

in memory are in “Big-Endian” format, meaning that the most significant byte is stored first.

The Data Memory is initialized using the “dmem.txt” file. The format of the stored words is the

same as the Instruction Memory. As with the instruction memory, the data memory addresses

also begin at 0 and increment by one in each line.

The instructions that the simulator supports and their encodings are shown in Table 1. Note that

all instructions, except for “halt”, exist in the MIPS ISA. The MIPS Green Sheet defines the

semantics of each instruction.

Instruction Format OpCode (hex) Funct. (hex)

Addu R-Type (ALU) 00 21

Subu R-Type (ALU) 00 23

Lw I-Type (Memory) 23 -

Sw I-Type (Memory) 2B -

Beq I-Type (Control) 04 -

Halt Custom instruction FF

Special Note about Beq Instruction:

For the purposes of this lab only, we will assume that the beq (branch-if-qual) instruction

operates like a bne (branch-if-not-equal) instruction. In other words, in your implementations you

will assume that the beq jumps to the branch address if and jumps to PC+4

otherwise, i.e., if.

(Note that a real beq instruction would operate in the opposite fashion, that is, it will jump to the

branch address if and to PC+4 otherwise. The reason we had to make this

modification for this lab is because to implement loops we actually need the bne instruction.)

Pipeline Structure

Your MIPS pipeline has the following 5 stages:

1. Fetch (IF): fetches an instruction from instruction memory. Updates PC.

2. Decode (ID/RF): reads from the register RF and generates control signals required in

subsequent stages. In addition, branches are resolved in this stage by checking for the

branch condition and computing the effective address.

3. Execute (EX): performs an ALU operation.

4. Memory (MEM): loads or stores a 32-bit word from data memory.

5. Writeback (WB): writes back data to the RF.

Your simulator can make use of the same RF, IMEM and DMEM classes that you used for

Lab0. Complete implementations of these classes are provided for you in the skeleton code.

Note that we have not defined an ALU class since, for this lab, the ALU is simple and only

needs to perform adds and subtracts.

Each pipeline stages takes inputs from flip-flops. The input flip-flops for each pipeline stage are

described in the tables below.

IF Stage Input Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop Name Bit-width Functionality

PC 32 Current value of PC

nop 1 If set, IF stage performs a nop

ID/RF Stage Input Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop Name Bit-width Functionality

Instr 32 32-bit instruction read from IMEM

nop 1 If set, ID/RF stage performs a nop

EX Stage Input Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop Name Bit-width Functionality

Read_data1, Read_data2 32 32-bit data values read from RF

Imm 16 16-bit immediate for I-Type

instructions. Don’t care for R-type

instructions

Rs, Rt 5 Addresses of source registers rs, rt.

Note that these are defined for both

R-type and I-type instructions

Wrt_reg_addr 5 Address of the instruction’s

destination register. Don’t care if the

instruction does not update RF

alu_op 1 Set for addu, lw, sw; unset for subu

is_I_type 1 Set if the instruction is an i-type

instruction

wrt_enable 1 Set if the instruction updates RF

rd_mem, wrt_mem 1 rd_mem is set for lw instruction and

wrt_mem for sw instructions

nop 1 If set, EX stage performs a nop

MEM Stage Input Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop Name Bit-width Functionality

ALUresult 32 32-bit ALU result. Don’t care for beq

instructions

Store_data 32 32-bit value to be stored in DMEM

for sw instruction. Don’t care

otherwise

Rs, Rt 5 Addresses of source registers rs, rt.

Note that these are defined for both

R-type and I-type instructions

Wrt_reg_addr 5 Address of the instruction’s

destination register. Don’t care if the

instruction does not update RF

wrt_enable 1 Set if the instruction updates RF

rd_mem, wrt_mem 1 rd_mem is set for lw instruction and

wrt_mem for sw instructions

nop 1 If set, MEM stage performs a nop

WB Stage Input Flip-Flops

Flip-Flop Name Bit-width Functionality

Wrt_data 32 32-bit data to be written back to RF.

Don’t care for sw and beq

instructions

Rs, Rt 5 Addresses of source registers rs, rt.

Note that these are defined for both

R-type and I-type instructions

Wrt_reg_addr 5 Address of the instruction’s

destination register. Don’t care if the

instruction does not update RF

wrt_enable 1 Set if the instruction updates RF

nop 1 If set, MEM stage performs a nop

Dealing with Hazards

Your processor must deal with two types of hazards.

1. RAW Hazards: RAW hazards are dealt with using either only forwarding (if possible) or,

if not, using stalling + forwarding. You must follow the mechanisms described in Lecture

6 to deal RAW hazards.

2. Control Flow Hazards: You will assume that branch conditions are resolved in the

ID/RF stage of the pipeline. Your processor deals with beq instructions as follows:

a. Branches are always assumed to be NOT TAKEN. That is, when a beq is fetched

in the IF stage, the PC is speculatively updated as PC+4.

b. Branch conditions are resolved in the ID/RF stage. To make your life easier,

will ensure that every beq instruction has no RAW dependency with its

previous two instructions. In other words, you do NOT have to deal with

RAW hazards for branches!

c. Two operations are performed in the ID/RF stage: (i) Read_data1 and

Read_data2 are compared to determine the branch outcome; (ii) the effective

branch address is computed.

d. If the branch is NOT TAKEN, execution proceeds normally. However, if the

branch is TAKEN, the speculatively fetched instruction from PC+4 is quashed in

its ID/RF stage using the nop bit and the next instruction is fetched from the

effective branch address. Execution now proceeds normally.

The nop bit

The nop bit for any stage indicates whether it is performing a valid operation in the current clock

cycle. The nop bit for the IF stage is initialized to 0 and for all other stages is initialized to 1.

(This is because in the first clock cycle, only the IF stage performs a valid operation.)

In the absence of hazards,, the value of the nop bit for a stage in the current clock cycle is equal

to the nop bit of the prior stage in the previous clock cycle.

However, the nop bit is also used to implement stall that result from a RAW hazard or to quash

speculatively fetched instructions if the branch condition evaluates to TAKEN. See Lecture 6

slides for more details on implementing stalls and quashing instructions.

The HALT Instruction

The halt instruction is a “custom” instruction we introduced so you know when to stop the

simulation. When a HALT instruction is fetched in IF stage at cycle N, the nop bit of the IF stage

in the next clock cycle (cycle N+1) is set to 1 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the

ID/RF stage is set to 1 in cycle N+1 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the EX stage is

set to 1 in cycle N+2 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the MEM stage is set to 1 in

cycle N+3 and subsequently stays at 1. The nop bit of the WB stage is set to 1 in cycle N+4 and

subsequently stays at 1.

At the end of each clock cycle the simulator checks to see if the nop bit of each stage is 1. If so,

the simulation halts. Note that this logic is already implemented in the skeleton code provided to

you.

What to Output

Your simulator will output the values of all flip-flops at the end of each clock cycle. Further, when

the simulation terminates, the simulator also outputs the state of the RF and Dmem. The

skeleton code already prints out everything that your simulator needs to output. Do not modify

this code.

Testbenches and Grading

Test inputs for your simulator are in the form of “imem.txt” and “dmem.txt” files, and the

expected outputs are in the form of “RFresult.txt”, “dmemresult.txt” and “stateresult.txt” files.

To assist you in checking your code, we will provide sample input and output files to you.

However, your code will be graded on our own test inputs.

You are encouraged to develop your code in steps. A rough time frame for how long each step

would take is given below.

1. Step 1: your simulator should be able to handle addu, subu, lw and sw instructions

without any RAW hazards. (1 Week)

2. Step 2: in addition, your simulator should be able to handle addu, subu, lw and sw

instructions with RAW hazards. (1 Week)

3. Step 3: finally, enhance your simulator to handle beq instructions.

The grading scheme that we will use to test your code is:

● Code compiles and executes without crashing on all test inputs [10 Points]

● Code handles inputs with only addu, subu, lw and sw instructions without any RAW

hazards [30 Points]

● Code handles inputs with only addu, subu, lw and sw instructions with RAW hazards. [30

Points]http://www.6daixie.com/contents/13/2096.html

● Code handles all test inputs including those with beq instructions. [30 Points]

 

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